Glutamik turşu
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Glutamik turşu

  1. İngilis adı: Glutamic Acid; 2-Aminopentanedioic acid
  1. Spesifikasiya
    • Saflıq: Glutamic Acid ≥ 99.0% (HPLC)
    • Optical Purity: L – Glutamic Acid ≥ 99.0% (for chiral products), D – Glutamic Acid available for specific applications
    • Həlledicilik: Sparingly soluble in cold water (0.86 g/100 mL at 25°C), soluble in hot water and strong acids/alkalis; water – soluble salts (e.g., monosodium glutamate) have higher solubility
    • Hissəcik ölçüsü: Standard powder ≤ 150 μm; spray – dried powder ≤ 50 μm for better flowability
  1. Görünüş
    • Powder: White to off – white crystalline powder, odorless, slightly acidic taste
  1. CAS NO.：56 – 86 – 0 (L – Glutamic Acid); 6893 – 11 – 8 (D – Glutamic Acid)
  1. Təqdimat vaxtı: 3 – 5 Working Days
  1. Paket
    • 25 kg/drum (polyethylene bag inside cardboard drum), 1000 kg/super sack for bulk orders
  1. Əsas bazar: Global market, with significant demand in Asia (China, Japan), North America, and Europe
  1. Tətbiq Ssenariləri

Əsas Xüsusiyyətlər

  • Molekulyar Formula: C₅H₉NO₄
  • Ionization Behavior: Amphoteric compound with three ionizable groups (α – amino, α – carboxyl, and γ – carboxyl), pKa values: 2.19 (α – COOH), 4.25 (γ – COOH), 9.67 (α – NH₂)
  • Əsas Xüsusiyyətlər
    • Protein Building Block: One of the 20 standard amino acids, essential for protein synthesis in living organisms.
    • Neurotransmitter Precursor: In the human body, L – Glutamic Acid is a precursor to the neurotransmitter glutamate, crucial for nerve signal transmission.
    • Flavor Enhancer: Its sodium salt, monosodium glutamate (MSG), provides umami taste, widely used in the food industry.
    • Metabolic Intermediate: Involved in the Krebs cycle and nitrogen metabolism, playing a key role in energy production and amino acid balance.

Tətbiq Ssenariləri

1. Qida və İçkilər

  • Dadın Gücləndirilməsi:
    • As the raw material for monosodium glutamate (MSG), added to soups, sauces, snacks, and instant noodles at 0.1 – 1% concentration to enhance umami flavor.
    • Used in meat – based products, seasonings, and vegetarian dishes to improve taste.
  • Nutritional Fortification:
    • Added to infant formulas, sports drinks, and nutritional supplements to increase protein content and support amino acid balance.
    • In baked goods, it can improve dough elasticity and shelf – life.

2. Əczaçılıq

  • Nutraceuticals and Supplements:
    • Capsules or tablets containing L – Glutamic Acid (500 – 1000 mg per serving) are sold for brain health support, as it aids in neurotransmitter synthesis and may improve cognitive function.
    • Used in amino acid infusion solutions for patients with nutritional deficiencies or recovering from surgery.
  • Drug Synthesis:
    • Serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of various drugs, such as anticonvulsants and antidepressants, due to its role in the nervous system.

3. Animal Feed

  • Protein Source:
    • Added to livestock, poultry, and aquaculture feed at 0.5 – 2% to improve the amino acid profile, enhance growth performance, and increase feed efficiency.
    • In pet food, it helps meet the protein requirements of animals, especially during growth and recovery periods.

4. Kosmetika və Şəxsi Qulluq

  • Skin Moisturizer:
    • Incorporated into creams, lotions, and serums (0.5 – 2% concentration) to improve skin hydration, as it has water – binding properties.
    • Used in anti – aging products for its potential to stimulate collagen synthesis.
  • Saça Qulluq:
    • Added to shampoos and conditioners to strengthen hair fibers and improve hair elasticity.

5. Sənaye Tətbiqləri

  • Biodegradable Plastics:
    • As a raw material for the synthesis of poly(glutamic acid), which is used to produce biodegradable polymers for packaging materials.
  • Water Treatment:
    • Its derivatives can be used as chelating agents to remove heavy metals from water, binding to metal ions and facilitating their removal.

Aşkarlama üsulları

  • Yüksək Performanslı Maye Xromatoqrafiyası (HPLC):
    • Column: C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), Mobile Phase: 0.1% phosphoric acid – acetonitrile (95:5 v/v), Flow Rate: 1.0 mL/min, Detection Wavelength: 210 nm for quantification.
  • Ion – Exchange Chromatography:
    • Used for separating and analyzing different forms of glutamic acid (e.g., L – and D – isomers) based on their ionic properties.
  • Amino Acid Analyzer:
    • Specifically designed equipment that uses ion – exchange chromatography and post – column derivatization with ninhydrin to accurately measure the concentration of glutamic acid in complex samples.

Mənbə və Üstünlüklər

  • Təbii Mənbə: Produced by fermentation of carbohydrates (e.g., molasses, glucose) using microorganisms like Corynebacterium glutamicum.
  • Cost – Effective: Large – scale industrial fermentation processes ensure a stable and affordable supply.
  • Versatile: Its wide range of applications from food to industrial sectors makes it a valuable commodity in the global market.

Tənzimləmə Uyğunluğu

  • US FDA: GRAS – listed for use as a flavor enhancer and nutrient in food products. Meets cGMP requirements for pharmaceutical – grade products.
  • AB Qaydaları: Approved as a food additive (E620 for glutamic acid and its salts) with specific usage limits in different food categories.
  • Çin NMPA: Permitted for use in food, pharmaceuticals, and animal feed, subject to strict quality control standards.
Kateqoriyalar: , , ,

The Comprehensive Guide to Glutamic Acid: Science, Benefits & Premium Sources

1. What is Glutamic Acid?

Glutamic acid (C₅H₉NO₄), a non-essential α-amino acid, is one of the 20 fundamental proteinogenic amino acids and the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate central nervous system37. Naturally occurring as L-glutamic acid (the biologically active form), it serves dual roles:

  • Metabolic fuel: Key in cellular energy production via the citric acid cycle

  • Neurochemical signaling: Mediates cognitive functions like learning and memory through NMDA/AMPA receptors310
    Discovered in 1866 by German chemist Karl Ritthausen, its flavor-enhancing property (umami) was identified by Japanese scientist Kikunae Ikeda in 1908, leading to monosodium glutamate (MSG) production3.

2. Source, Chemical Properties & Specifications

Mənbə:

  • Natural: Abundant in protein-rich foods (cheese, soy sauce, seafood, meat)14

  • Industrial: Fermentation of carbohydrates (e.g., sugarcane molasses) or hydrolysis of plant proteins like wheat gluten3

Chemical Profile:

Əmlak Dəyər
CAS Number (L-isomer) 56-86-03
Molekulyar Formula C₅H₉NO₄
Molekulyar Çəki 147.13 g/mol
EINECS 200-293-7
Ərimə nöqtəsi 247–249°C
Həlledicilik 8.57 g/L (water), low in ethanol3
pKa Values 2.10, 4.07, 9.473
Əsas Xüsusiyyətlər:

  • Exists as a zwitterion at physiological pH

  • Precursor to GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter3

3. Health Benefits, Dosage & Safety

What is the “Best” Form?

  • L-glutamic acid (CAS: 56-86-0) is the biologically active isomer, constituting >90% of high-purity supplements38. D-glutamic acid (CAS: 6893-26-1) lacks metabolic activity.

Sağlamlıq Faydaları və Mexanizmlər:

  1. Neurological Health:

    • Enhances synaptic plasticity for learning and memory

    • Lowers blood ammonia, alleviating hepatic encephalopathy710

  2. Metabolik Dəstək:

    • Facilitates nitrogen transport for protein synthesis

    • Boosts gut integrity by fueling intestinal cells4

  3. Exercise Performance:

    • Increases endurance and muscle recovery (dose: 4g/day)1

Daily Intake & Safety:

  • Adults: 4000 mg/day as dietary supplement1

  • Clinical Use: Up to 30g/day for chemotherapy-induced mucositis (under medical supervision)4
    Yan təsirlər:

  • Mild: Facial flushing, nausea, diarrhea at high doses7

  • Əks göstərişlər: Renal impairment, active ulcers10

4. Source Leader: Shaanxi Zhonghong Investment Technology Co., Ltd.

As a 28-year pioneer in bioactive compounds, Shaanxi Zhonghong integrates cutting-edge R&D with global supply chain excellence:

  • Scientific Barriers:

    • 20+ patents and exclusive compound libraries

    • Joint labs with 5 top universities

  • Keyfiyyətli İnfrastruktur:

    • HPLC/UPLC & NMR spectrometry ensuring purity >99% (20% above industry standards)

    • GMP-compliant fermentation and purification facilities

  • Qlobal Çatdırılma:

    • Supplies 80+ countries across pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics25

Product Portfolio: Pharmaceutical-grade L-glutamic acid, plant extracts, natural sweeteners, and cosmetic actives.

5. Rigorous Product Specifications

Shaanxi Zhonghong’s L-glutamic acid exceeds international pharmacopeial standards (USP, FCC):

Table 1: Heavy Metal & Contaminant Limits

Kateqoriya Parametr Limit Test üsulu
Ağır metallar Qurğuşun (Pb) ≤1.0 ppm ICP-MS
Arsen (As) ≤1.0 ppm ICP-MS
Kadmium (Cd) ≤0.5 ppm ICP-MS
Merkuri (Hg) ≤0,1 ppm CVAAS
Mikrobiologiya Ümumi aerob mikrob sayı ≤1,000 KFU/q USP <61>
E. coli 10 q-da yoxdur USP <62>
Pestisidlər DDT isomers ≤0,05 ppm GC-MS
BHC isomers ≤0,05 ppm GC-MS

6. Advanced Production Process

A 9-step cGMP workflow ensures premium quality:

  1. Raw Material Selection: Non-GMO sugarcane/molasses

  2. Fermentasiya: Microbial (Corynebacterium glutamicum) batch culture

  3. Ayrılıq: Centrifugation and ultrafiltration

  4. Təmizləmə: Ion-exchange chromatography

  5. Kristallaşma: Vacuum-evaporative crystallization

  6. Qurutma: Spray drying → Free-flowing powder

  7. QC Testing: NMR identity confirmation, HPLC purity assay (>99%)5

7. Sənayedə Tətbiqlər

  • Əczaçılıq: Hepatic coma treatment, IV nutrition7

  • Nutraceuticals: Sports supplements, cognitive health formulas

  • Food & Beverage: MSG for umami flavor, protein fortification

  • Kosmetika: Moisturizing agents in dermal serums14

8. Uncompromising Quality Control

Every batch undergoes 15+ tests via:

  • Chromatography: HPLC/UPLC for enantiomeric purity and residual solvents

  • Spectroscopy: NMR for structural validation, ICP-MS for heavy metals

  • Mikrobiologiya: USP-compliant pathogen screening
    Stability studies (ICH Q1A) validate a 24-month shelf life at <25°C/65% RH5.

9. Qablaşdırma və Logistika

  • Primary: 25-kg food-grade kraft bags with double PE liners

  • Saxlama: Cool (<25°C), dry conditions; avoid sunlight

  • Çatdırılma: Global door-to-door delivery (4–10 days) with prepaid tariffs

10. FAQs: Glutamic Acid Demystified

Q: Is glutamic acid the same as MSG?
A: MSG is the sodium salt of glutamic acid. Both occur naturally but MSG is used as a flavor enhancer3.

Q: Can vegans use L-glutamic acid?
A: Yes—synthetic or plant-fermented variants are vegan-friendly1.

Q: Does it cause “Chinese Restaurant Syndrome”?
A: No robust evidence supports this myth. FDA and EFSA classify MSG/glutamate as GRAS37.

Q: Why choose pharmaceutical-grade purity?
A: Reduces contaminants (e.g., D-isomers, heavy metals) ensuring safety for clinical use8.

Where to Buy

For high-purity L-glutamic acid (≥99% HPLC):

Nəticə

Glutamic acid’s dual role as a metabolic intermediary and neurochemical makes it indispensable for health and industry. Shaanxi Zhonghong leverages 28 illik təcrübə, unrivaled chromatography tech, və global compliance to deliver premium L-glutamic acid. Partner with us for certified, research-backed amino acid solutions.

İstinadlar

  1. JECFA. Glutamic Acid Monograph. WHO, 2023.

  2. EFSA Panel on Food Additives. Safety of glutamic acid. EFSA Journal, 2010.

  3. Ritthausen, K. Discovery of glutamic acid. J Prakt Chem, 1866.

  4. KingNet Medical Database. Therapeutic uses of glutamic acid. 2024.

  5. Shandong Freda Biotech. Fermentation protocols. 2021.

  6. Zhonghong QC Manual. Analytical methods for amino acids. 2023.

  7. Mattson, M. Glutamate signaling in brain development. Nat Rev Neurosci, 2008.

  8. NIH. D-amino acids in human physiology. PMC, 2020.

  9. BulkSupplements. L-glutamic acid safety data. 2023.

  10. KingNet. Clinical pharmacology of glutamic acid. 2024.

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