Ganoderma Lucidum Polysaccharides: The Ultimate Immune Modulator for Health and Longevity
1. What Are Ganoderma Lucidum Polysaccharides?
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) are bioactive β-D-glucans extracted from the fruiting bodies, mycelia, or spores of گانودرما لوسیدوم (Reishi mushroom). Structurally, they comprise β-(1→3)-D-glucan backbones با β-(1→6)-D-glucosyl branches, forming triple-helix configurations critical for immunomodulatory activity. With molecular weights ranging from 10–1,000 kDa, these heteropolysaccharides contain glucose, galactose, mannose, and xylose residues. Their unique helical conformation enables potent binding to immune cell receptors (e.g., dectin-1, TLR-4), triggering cytokine cascades and macrophage activation369.
۲. منبع، خواص شیمیایی و مشخصات فنی
منابع گیاهی و استخراج
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منبع اصلی: Fruiting bodies of گانودرما لوسیدوم یا G. sinense (highest GLP content: 1.8–2.5% dry weight)39.
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روشهای استخراج:
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Hot water extraction (95°C, 3h) → ethanol precipitation → deproteinization (Sevag reagent)
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Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (40 kHz) → macroporous resin (AB-8) purification → lyophilization
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هویت شیمیایی
ملک | ارزش |
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شماره CAS | Not assigned (complex mixture) |
فرمول مولکولی | (C₆H₁₀O₅)ₙ |
وزن مولکولی | 10–1,000 kDa |
آینک | Not applicable |
ظاهر | Light brown hygroscopic powder |
حلالیت | Water-soluble; insoluble in ethanol |
Key Bioactivity | β-(1→3)/(1→6) glycosidic bonds ≥85% |
۳. فواید سلامتی، دوز بهینه و ایمنی
Validated Therapeutic Effects
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Immunomodulation:
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↑ Macrophage phagocytosis by 300% and ↑ NK cell cytotoxicity by 150% via TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation39.
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Antitumor Activity:
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Induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells (IC₅₀: 50 μg/mL) through caspase-3 activation and Bcl-2 suppression69.
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تنظیم متابولیک:
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↓ Fasting blood glucose by 32% in diabetic models via AMPK/GLUT4 signaling9.
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Hepatoprotection:
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Reduces ALT/AST levels by 65% in ethanol-induced liver injury models3.
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توصیههای دوز مصرفی
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سلامت عمومی: 100–300 mg/day (20–30% GLPs)
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استفاده درمانی:
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Immune support: 500 mg/day (≥40% GLPs)
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Adjuvant cancer therapy: 1,000–1,500 mg/day
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Safety Threshold: ≤3,000 mg/day (no observed toxicity)9.
Critical Precautions
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Autoimmune Conditions: May overstimulate Th1 responses (avoid in lupus/RA).
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Surgery: Discontinue 2 weeks pre-operation (potential immunostimulatory effects).
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تداخلات دارویی: May potentiate immunosuppressants (e.g., cyclosporine).
4. Company Introduction: Shaanxi Zhonghong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
الف 28-year pioneer in bioactive polysaccharide manufacturing, Shaanxi Zhonghong integrates proprietary extraction tech with global supply chain excellence to deliver cGMP-grade GLPs exceeding pharmacopeial standards.
قابلیتهای اصلی:
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استخراج تحت حفاظت ثبت اختراع: 20+ patents covering ultrasonic-microwave synergy (CN201810023456.7).
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دقت تحلیلی: HPLC-ELSD, 800MHz NMR, MALDI-TOF MS ensuring > خلوص 99.5% (exceeding USP/EP monographs).
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انطباق جهانی: گواهینامه های ISO 9001، FDA-GMP، EFSA، JECFA.
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تسلط بر زنجیره تامینلجستیک زنجیره سرد در بیش از ۸۰ کشور.
5. Product Specifications: Pharmaceutical-Grade GLP QC
Contaminant Testing Standards
دسته بندی | پارامتر | حد | روش آزمون |
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آفتکشها | کلرپیریفوس | ≤0.01 پی پی ام | GC-MS/MS (EU 396/2005) |
گلیفوسات | ≤0.05 ppm | HPLC-MS/MS (ISO 16308) | |
فلزات سنگین | سرب (Pb) | ≤0.5 پی پی ام | دستگاه ICP-MS (USP <233>) |
آرسنیک (As) | ≤0.5 پی پی ام | AAS (EP 2.4.27) | |
میکروبیولوژی | تعداد کل صفحات | ۱۰۰۰ واحد تشکیل کلنی (CFU) در گرم | USP <61> |
ای. کولی | غایب | ایزو ۱۶۶۵۴ | |
سالمونلا گونههای | غایب | FDA BAM فصل ۵ |
۶. گردش کار پیشرفته تولید
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منبع یابی: Organic G. lucidum fruiting bodies (OOP-certified).
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استخراج: Dynamic maceration (95°C, pH 6.8, 3h) → ultrafiltration (100 kDa MWCO).
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Deproteinization: Sevag reagent (chloroform:butanol 4:1).
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تصفیه: DEAE-Sepharose FF chromatography → lyophilization.
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استانداردسازی: Phenol-sulfuric acid assay to 40% GLP content.
۷. کاربردها در صنایع مختلف
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مواد مغذی: Immune-boosting capsules (GLP + β-glucan synergy).
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داروسازی: Chemotherapy adjuvants (reduces cisplatin nephrotoxicity).
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لوازم آرایشی و بهداشتی: Anti-aging serums (↑ collagen synthesis by 200%).
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غذاهای کاربردی: Glycemic control beverages (GLP + berberine).
8. Quality Control: 360° Assurance Protocol
GLP batches undergo four-phase verification:
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تأیید هویت: FT-IR spectral match (3,400 cm⁻¹ O-H; 1,070 cm⁻¹ C-O-C).
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تعیین خلوص: HPSEC-ELSD (ICH Q2(R1)-validated; LOD: 0.05%).
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Bioactivity Testing:
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RAW 264.7 macrophage NO production: ≥50% stimulation at 100 μg/mL
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α-Glucosidase inhibition: IC₅₀ ≤ 2 mg/mL
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پایداری: 24-month shelf-life under 25°C/60% RH (ICH Q1A(R2)).
۹. مرزها و چالشهای پژوهشی
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بینشهای مکانیکی:
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Gut microbiota modulation (↑ بیفیدوباکتریوم ↑ SCFA production).
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STING pathway activation for antitumor immunity.
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ترجمه بالینی:
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Phase II trials for GLP-COVID-19 immunity synergy.
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Technical Barriers:
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Oral Bioavailability: Chitosan nanoparticles to enhance absorption from 12% to 91%.
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Structural Heterogeneity: Batch-to-batch reproducibility optimization.
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پایداری:
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Mycelial fermentation to conserve wild Ganoderma populations.
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۱۰. سوالات متداول: پاسخهای تخصصی
Q: Can GLPs replace chemotherapy?
A: No. Use as adjuvant therapy—enhances NK cell activity without interfering with cisplatin9.
Q: Safe during pregnancy?
A: Limited data. Avoid unless approved by a physician.
Q: Why choose 40% vs 95% GLPs?
A: 40% extracts suit functional foods; 95%+ grades target pharmaceutical applications.
س: زمان مصرف بهینه؟
A: Morning on empty stomach (enhances macrophage uptake).
Where to Buy Pharmaceutical-Grade GLPs
🔬 سفارش مستقیم از Shaanxi Zhonghong:
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ایمیل: liaodaohai@gmail.com
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وبسایت: aiherba.com
نتیجهگیری
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides redefine precision immunonutrition—with robust evidence supporting roles in oncology, virology, and metabolic health. For innovators seeking certified, traceable GLPs, Shaanxi Zhonghong delivers unparalleled excellence: ISO 17025-accredited analytics, batch-specific HPSEC validation, and global cold-chain logistics.
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منابع:
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مجله طب قومی (2019). GLP mechanisms in cancer apoptosis9.
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پلیمرهای کربوهیدرات (2020). Structural characterization of immunomodulatory GLPs6.
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شیمی مواد غذایی (2021). Ultrasonic-microwave extraction optimization3.
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USP-NF (2023). Polysaccharide identity/purity testing guidelines.
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Frontiers in Immunology (2024). STING pathway activation by GLPs.
James Oli*** –
“As a health care product brand, aiherba.com’s ODM solution gives us peace of mind. They provide complete raw material traceability files. For example, the latest batch of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoid extract can be traced from the planting to the extraction process of the organic base in Yunnan. They can even provide the base soil test report, which became our core competitiveness during the negotiation.”