, , ,

Manzanilla alemana

German Chamomile supplier bulk factory Wholesale buy Extract factory

  1. Nombre en inglés: German Chamomile; Matricaria recutita
  1. Especificación
    • Contenido de compuestos activos:
      • Chamazulene ≥ 1.5% (HPLC), α-Bisabolol ≥ 2.0% (HPLC), Apigenin ≥ 1.0% (HPLC)
    • Solubilidad: Poorly soluble in water; highly soluble in ethanol (≥ 60 g/100 mL), isopropyl myristate, and other organic solvents
    • Apariencia – relacionada: Pérdida por secado ≤ 5%, Metales pesados ≤ 10 ppm, Disolventes residuales ≤ 0,5%
    • Tamaño de partícula:Polvo estándar ≤ 100 μm; polvo micronizado ≤ 5 μm para una mejor absorción y eficacia
  1. Apariencia
    • Light yellow to greenish-yellow fine powder, with a distinct, pleasant floral and herbaceous aroma, not related to chocolate
  1. N.º CAS.
    • As a plant extract mixture, no single CAS number; key components: Chamazulene (515-92-4), α-Bisabolol (515-69-5), Apigenin (520-36-5)
  1. Plazo de entrega: 5 – 7 días laborables
  1. Paquete
    • 1 kg/bolsa (bolsa de aluminio), 25 kg/tambor (bolsa de PE de doble capa dentro de un tambor de cartón)
  1. Mercado principal: Global market, especially popular in Europe (Germany, France), North America, and Asia (Japan, South Korea), mainly used in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and aromatherapy industries
  1. Escenarios de aplicación

Propiedades principales

  • Componentes activos:
    • Chamazuleno: A blue-colored sesquiterpene with strong anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and wound-healing properties. It can reduce skin redness and swelling effectively.
    • α-Bisabolol: A natural sesquiterpene alcohol known for its soothing, antioxidant, and anti-irritant effects. It helps calm sensitive skin and has antibacterial activity against common skin pathogens.
    • Apigenina: A flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential anti-cancer properties. It can protect cells from oxidative damage and regulate inflammatory pathways.
  • Características principales
    • Powerful Anti-inflammatory: Inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, reducing inflammation in various tissues.
    • Defensa antioxidante: Scavenges free radicals like hydroxyl and superoxide anions, protecting cells from oxidative stress and related damage.
    • Antimicrobial Activity: Effective against bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus) and fungi (e.g., Candida albicans), helping prevent infections.
    • Calmante y curativo de la piel: Promotes skin repair, reduces itching, and calms irritated skin, making it ideal for sensitive skin care.

Escenarios de aplicación

1. Alimentos y bebidas

  • Beverage Industry:
    • Ingrediente principal de las infusiones de hierbas, con un sabor suave y agradable. Se suele mezclar con otras hierbas como la melisa o la menta. La manzanilla alemana es popular por sus efectos calmantes y se consume para aliviar el estrés y facilitar la digestión.
    • Se agrega a jugos de frutas, bebidas funcionales y cócteles (concentración 0,1 – 0,5%) para mejorar el sabor y brindar posibles beneficios para la salud, como la reducción de las molestias digestivas.
  • Confectionery and Dairy:
    • Se utiliza en la elaboración de dulces, chocolates y yogur para aportar un sabor floral único. Además, aporta valor antioxidante, prolongando la vida útil de estos productos.

2. productos farmacéuticos

  • Productos de venta libre (OTC):
    • Se encuentra en cremas, ungüentos y geles tópicos (concentración 2-5%) para tratar irritaciones cutáneas leves, quemaduras solares, erupciones cutáneas y eccemas. Sus propiedades antiinflamatorias y calmantes ayudan a aliviar los síntomas y promueven la cicatrización de la piel.
    • Disponible como suplemento oral en cápsulas o tabletas (300-600 mg por porción) para reducir la ansiedad leve, promover la relajación y facilitar el sueño. También se utiliza para aliviar problemas digestivos como la indigestión y la gastritis.
  • Herbal Remedies:
    • A staple in traditional herbal medicine, German chamomile is used to treat a variety of ailments, including colic in infants, menstrual cramps, and mild insomnia. Modern herbal formulations standardize the active ingredient content for consistent efficacy.

3. Cosméticos y cuidado personal

  • Productos para el cuidado de la piel:
    • Incorporado en sueros, cremas hidratantes, mascarillas faciales y tónicos (concentración 1-3%) por sus beneficios hidratantes, antienvejecimiento y antiinflamatorios, puede reducir la apariencia de líneas de expresión y arrugas al proteger la piel del estrés oxidativo y promover la síntesis de colágeno.
    • Productos ideales para pieles sensibles ya que calma la piel irritada, reduce el enrojecimiento y fortalece la barrera cutánea.
  • Cuidado del cabello:
    • Se añade a champús, acondicionadores y tratamientos capilares para calmar el cuero cabelludo, reducir la caspa y promover el crecimiento del cabello. También puede aclarar el cabello de forma natural con el tiempo.

4. Aromaterapia y Bienestar

  • Essential Oil and Aromatherapy:
    • German chamomile essential oil, extracted from the flowers, is widely used in aromatherapy. Inhaling its aroma can help reduce stress, anxiety, and promote relaxation. It is often diffused at home, in spas, or used in massage oils.
    • The oil can also be diluted and applied topically for its skin – soothing properties.
  • Bath and Body Products:
    • Added to bath salts, bubble baths, and body washes to create a calming and therapeutic bathing experience. It can help relieve muscle tension and leave the skin feeling soft and refreshed.

5. Salud animal

  • Cuidado de mascotas:
    • Se utiliza en champús para mascotas y tratamientos tópicos para aliviar la picazón e irritación de la piel en perros y gatos. También se puede administrar como suplemento para calmar a las mascotas ansiosas durante viajes o situaciones estresantes.
  • Alimento para el ganado:
    • Se agrega al alimento para aves de corral y ganado (50 – 200 ppm) para mejorar la palatabilidad del alimento, mejorar la salud animal a través de sus efectos antioxidantes y antiinflamatorios y aumentar la productividad general.

Métodos de detección

  • Cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC):
    • Column: C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), Mobile Phase: Acetonitrile – 0.1% formic acid (gradient elution), Flow Rate: 1.0 mL/min, Detection Wavelength: 230 nm (for chamazulene), 280 nm (for α-bisabolol), 360 nm (for apigenin).
  • Cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas (GC-MS):
    • Used to analyze volatile components in German chamomile extract, providing detailed information about the chemical profile and helping to identify and quantify key aroma and bioactive compounds.
  • Espectroscopía infrarroja por transformada de Fourier (FTIR):
    • Helps confirm the chemical structure of active compounds by analyzing characteristic absorption peaks, ensuring product quality and authenticity.

Origen y ventajas

  • Fuente natural: German chamomile is native to Europe and Western Asia but is now cultivated globally. It is primarily harvested for its flowers, from which the extract is obtained.
  • Cultivo sostenible: The plant is relatively easy to grow, requiring moderate sunlight and well-drained soil. Modern agricultural practices and sustainable farming methods ensure a consistent supply without significant environmental impact.
  • Aplicaciones versátiles: Its wide range of bioactive properties makes German chamomile extract highly sought after in multiple industries, from health and wellness to beauty and food, driving strong market demand.

Cumplimiento normativo

  • FDA de EE. UU.: Regulated as a food additive, dietary supplement ingredient, and is generally recognized as safe (GRAS). Pharmaceutical-grade products must meet Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) requirements.
  • Reglamento de la UE: Approved as a food flavoring substance and permitted for use in cosmetics under the Cosmetics Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009. Herbal medicinal products containing German chamomile are regulated under traditional herbal medicine directives.
  • NMPA de China: Permitted for use in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, subject to strict quality control and safety standards to ensure product efficacy and consumer safety.

German Chamomile Extract: Nature’s Soothing Powerhouse & Your Premium Supply

1. What is German Chamomile Extract?

German Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L., synonym Chamomilla recutita) is a revered medicinal herb belonging to the Asteraceae household. Its extract, derived primarily from the colourful blue-flowered capitula (flower heads), is a concentrated supply of bioactive compounds famend for his or her distinctive anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, wound-healing, and calming properties. This golden-hued liquid or high quality powder represents nature’s potent reply to irritation and stress, utilized for millennia and now validated by fashionable science.

2. Suministro de productos, propiedades químicas e identificación

  • Suministrar: Flower heads of Matricaria recutita L., meticulously harvested at peak bloom.

  • Key Bioactive Constituents:

    • Sesquiterpenos: (-)-α-Bisabolol (Levomenol) and its oxides A, B, & C, Chamazulene (fashioned throughout distillation/extraction).

    • Flavonoides: Apigenin, Apigenin-7-glucoside, Luteolin, Quercetin.

    • Cumarinas: Herniarin, Umbelliferone.

    • Unstable Oil: The important oil part is very valued.

  • Vital Identifiers for Key Constituent (α-Bisabolol):

    • Cantidad de registro CAS: 515-69-5 (Racemic), 23089-26-1 ((-)-α-Bisabolol) – Be aware: German Chamomile extract itself is a fancy combination, however Bisabolol is a serious marker.

    • Sistema molecular (CM): C15H26O

    • Peso molecular (PM): 222.37 g/mol

    • EC / EINECS Quantity: 208-205-9 (for (-)-α-Bisabolol)

3. Efficiency, Well being Benefits, Security & Utilization

  • What Defines “Finest”? The “finest” extract prioritizes:

    • Excessive Bioactive Focus: Particularly, elevated ranges of (-)-α-Bisabolol and Apigenin.

    • Pureza y seguridad: Rigorous testing to make sure absence of contaminants (heavy metals, pesticides, microbes).

    • Normalización: Assured constant ranges of key actives (e.g., 50% Bisabolol, 1.2% Apigenin).

    • Extraction Technique: Supercritical CO2 or light ethanol extraction usually preserves the fragile azulene complicated finest.

  • Contenido más alto: Extracts standardized particularly for (-)-α-Bisabolol content material (e.g., 50%, 80%) supply the very best focus of this major anti-inflammatory and skin-soothing compound. Apigenin-rich extracts are prized for rest advantages.

  • Beneficios y mecanismos de bienestar:

    • Potente antiinflamatorio: Inhibits COX-2, LOX pathways, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6). Bisabolol and Chamazulene are key mediators. (PMID: 28698405)

    • Pores and skin Soothing & Wound Therapeutic: Accelerates epithelialization, reduces irritation (dermatitis, eczema), combats microbes. Preferrred for topical formulations.

    • Ejercicio antioxidante: Scavenges free radicals (ROS), defending cells from oxidative stress.

    • Anxiolytic & Relaxant: Apigenin binds to benzodiazepine receptors within the CNS, selling calmness and sleep high quality.

    • Antispasmodic: Relaxes easy muscle within the GI tract, easing digestive discomfort (cramps, bloating).

    • Antimicrobiano: Efficient towards sure micro organism and fungi.

  • Each day Consumption & Utilization Tips:

    • Oral: Typical dried flower equal: 2-8 grams each day (infusion). For standardized extracts, comply with producer suggestions primarily based on lively focus (e.g., Bisabolol 30-60 mg/day, Apigenin 5-50 mg/day). Seek the advice of a healthcare supplier first.

    • Actual: Generally used at 0.5-5% in lotions, lotions, serums. Patch take a look at really helpful.

  • Precauciones y resultados de facetas:

    • Typically Acknowledged as Protected (GRAS) for many. Uncommon allergic reactions potential, particularly in Asteraceae-allergic people.

    • Potential interplay with blood thinners (coumarins) and sedatives (Apigenin). Discontinue 2 weeks pre-surgery.

    • Keep away from throughout being pregnant/breastfeeding with out medical recommendation.

    • Photosensitivity potential with very excessive topical doses. Adhere to really helpful concentrations.

4. Suministro premium: Shaanxi Zhonghong Investment Technology Co., Ltd.
Your trusted associate for premium German Chamomile extract is Tecnología de inversión Shaanxi Zhonghong Co., Ltd., a distinguished high-tech enterprise with 28 años de experiencia in bioactive compounds. We combine agile R&D, collaborative innovation, built-in manufacturing, and world distribution, specializing in superior extraction, purification, and utility of plant-derived actives.

  • Experiencia principal: Natural plant extracts, beauty actives, nutraceutical & pharmaceutical elements, pure pigments & sweeteners.

  • Proeza científica: Strategic alliances with 5 main universities energy our Laboratorios de Innovación Conjunta. Our technological edge is protected by Más de 20 patentes and includes a globally unique phytochemical compound library.

  • Reducing-Edge QC: Apalancamiento HPLC, GC-MS, UPLC-QTOF-MS, and Superconducting NMR inside our superior analytical suite, we assure purity requirements exceeding trade norms by 20%+.

  • Logro mundial: We provide bespoke ingredient options to multinational pharmaceutical firms, analysis establishments, and premium manufacturers throughout más de 80 naciones en Asia, Europa y las Américas.

  • Abastecimiento: We import premium uncooked supplies and make use of state-of-the-art, GMP-compliant extraction applied sciences to make sure unparalleled high quality and bioactivity.

5. Product Specs: Rigorous High quality Management
Shaanxi Zhonghong adheres to the strictest high quality protocols. Under is a abstract of our complete testing regime:

Desk: German Chamomile Extract High quality Specs

Clase de parámetro Echa un vistazo a la mercancía Especificación restringida Echa un vistazo a la técnica
pesticidas Whole DDT ≤ 0,05 mg/kg GC-ECD / GC-MS/MS
Whole BHC ≤ 0,05 mg/kg GC-ECD / GC-MS/MS
Paratión ≤ 0,05 mg/kg GC-ECD / GC-MS/MS
Malatión ≤ 0,05 mg/kg GC-ECD / GC-MS/MS
Pyrethrins (Whole) ≤ 1,0 mg/kg HPLC-UV / LC-MS/MS
Metales pesados Plomo (Pb) ≤ 3,0 mg/kg ICP-MS / AAS
Cadmio (Cd) ≤ 1,0 mg/kg ICP-MS / AAS
Arsénico (As) ≤ 2,0 mg/kg ICP-MS / HG-AAS
Mercurio (Hg) ≤ 0,1 mg/kg ICP-MS / CV-AAS
Microbiología Whole Cardio Microbial Rely (TAMC) ≤ 10³ UFC/g EP 2.6.12 / USP <61>
Whole Yeast & Mould Rely (TYMC) ≤ 10² UFC/g EP 2.6.12 / USP <61>
Escherichia coli Ausente en 1g EP 2.6.13 / USP <62>
Especies de Salmonella. Ausente en 10g EP 2.6.13 / USP <62>
Estafilococo áureo Ausente en 1g EP 2.6.13 / USP <62>
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ausente en 1g EP 2.6.13 / USP <62>

6. Curso Superior de Manufactura de
Our German Chamomile extract is produced beneath stringent GMP circumstances:

  1. Abastecimiento y autenticación: Premium flowers sourced, recognized botanically (HPTLC, DNA barcoding).

  2. Preparación: Cautious drying & milling.

  3. Optimized Extraction: Using superior methods (e.g., Supercritical CO2, Low-Temp Ethanol, Hydrodistillation) to maximise bisabolol/chamazulene yield and protect thermolabile compounds.

  4. Purificación: Multi-stage filtration, centrifugation, and probably chromatographic separation (e.g., Prep-HPLC) for focused enrichment (e.g., excessive Bisabolol).

  5. Enfocar: Vacuum evaporation or membrane filtration.

  6. Normalización: Exact adjustment to assured lively compound ranges.

  7. Drying (if powder): Spray drying or freeze drying.

  8. Control de calidad estricto: Complete analytical testing towards specs (HPLC for actives, ICP-MS for metals, GC-MS/MS for pesticides, Microbiological assays).

7. Diversos escenarios de aplicación

  • Cosmecéuticos y cuidado de la piel: Calming serums, anti-redness lotions, after-sun merchandise, delicate pores and skin formulations, anti-aging serums (combats inflammation-linked getting older), pure child care.

  • Nutracéuticos y suplementos dietéticos: Stress reduction capsules, sleep aids, digestive wellness blends, immune assist formulation (liquid extracts, capsules, tablets).

  • Aromaterapia: Pure German Chamomile important oil (from extract course of).

  • Medicamentos recetados: Topical anti-inflammatory/antiseptic ointments, wound therapeutic preparations, mouthwashes for gingivitis.

  • Cuidado del cabello: Soothing shampoos/conditioners for delicate scalp.

8. Gestión de alta calidad (CC) sin concesiones
At Shaanxi Zhonghong, QC is paramount. Our built-in strategy spans the whole product lifecycle:

  • Inspección de materiales crudos entrantes: Full id (macroscopic, microscopic, HPTLC, DNA), purity, and efficiency screening.

  • Controles en curso (IPC): Vital parameter monitoring (temp, strain, solvent ratios, time) throughout extraction and purification. Intermediate testing ensures course of consistency.

  • Investigación de estabilidad: ICH-guided real-time & accelerated stability testing to find out shelf life and optimum storage circumstances.

  • Suite analítica superior: Using HPLC-DAD/ELSD/CAD for quantitative evaluation of bisabolol, apigenin, and flavonoids; GC-FID/MS for risky parts; ICP-MS for hint metals; subtle hyphenated methods (UPLC-QTOF-MS) for complete profiling and impurity identification; validated microbiological strategies.

  • Documentación y trazabilidad: Full GMP documentation, batch traceability from uncooked materials to completed product.

  • Cumplimiento: Adherence to related pharmacopoeias (EP, USP), ISO requirements, and stringent customer-specific necessities. Our 20%+ purity benefit stems from patented purification applied sciences.

9. Embalaje seguro y logística mundial

  • Embalaje: Meals-grade HDPE drums with double LDPE liners (liquid), multi-layered foil luggage inside fiber drums (powder). Nitrogen flushing accessible for oxygen-sensitive compounds. Customized packaging options provided.

  • Almacenamiento: Cool, dry circumstances (<25°C), shielded from mild. Particular suggestions per Certificates of Evaluation (CoA).

  • Logística: Environment friendly world transport through air freight, sea freight (FCL/LCL), and categorical couriers. Complete documentation (CoA, MSDS, Certificates of Origin, Phytosanitary). Experience in dealing with customs clearance worldwide.

10. Deep Dive: Well being Mechanisms, Innovation & Analysis

  • Well being Mechanisms Elucidated:

    • (-)-α-Bisabolol: Modulates NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators (NO, PGE2, cytokines). Enhances pores and skin barrier operate through filaggrin upregulation. Demonstrates gastroprotective results. (PMID: 28698405, 24568305)

    • Apigenin: GABA_A receptor partial agonist (anxiolytic), potent antioxidant through Nrf2 activation, COX-2 inhibition, most cancers chemopreventive potential in vitro/vivo.

    • Chamazulene: Potent scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibits leukotriene B4 synthesis. (PMID: 11849834)

  • Industrial Functions & Our Innovation: Past commonplace extracts, Shaanxi Zhonghong pioneers:

    • Biodisponibilidad mejorada: Improvement of bisabolol/apigenin phospholipid complexes (Phytosomes®) and nanoemulsions.

    • Tecnologías de estabilización: Encapsulation to guard chamazulene from degradation.

    • Inexperienced Extraction: Optimization of UAE (Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction) and MAE (Microwave-Assisted Extraction) for effectivity and sustainability.

    • Mezclas sinérgicas: Formulating with complementary actives (e.g., Centella Asiatica, Licorice) for amplified results.

  • Análisis Fronteras y Desafíos:

    • Traducción médica: Bigger, strong human scientific trials confirming mechanistic advantages, particularly for inner use (anxiousness, GI well being).

    • Novel Supply Techniques: Exploring transdermal patches, nanoparticle carriers for focused supply.

    • Standardization Complexity: Defining multi-marker standardization reflecting holistic exercise vs. single compounds.

    • Cultivo sostenible: Making certain moral sourcing, biodiversity conservation, and mitigating local weather change impression on chamomile high quality/yield.

    • Metabolomics & Synergy: Superior methods (metabolomics) to completely map constituents and perceive their complicated synergistic interactions (“entourage impact”).

11. Preguntas frecuentes (FAQ)

  • Q: What is the distinction between German and Roman Chamomile? A: Completely different species (Chamaemelum nobile). German Chamomile sometimes comprises greater ranges of chamazulene and bisabolol, providing stronger anti-inflammatory motion. Roman Chamomile oil is greater in esters, recognized for deeper nervous system calming.

  • Q: Is your German Chamomile extract standardized? To what? A: Sure. We provide numerous standardizations, primarily focusing on excessive ranges of (-)-α-Bisabolol (e.g., 50%, 80%) or Apigenin (e.g., 1.2%, 4%). Customized standardization is on the market.

  • P: ¿Qué certificaciones mantenéis? A: We function beneath strict GMP, ISO 9001, ISO 22000, and maintain Kosher, Halal, and Natural (the place relevant) certifications. Particular certifications per product accessible on request.

  • P: ¿Cuál es la vida útil? A: Sometimes 24 months from manufacturing date when saved appropriately (cool, dry, darkish). Confer with the particular CoA.

  • Q: What is the Minimal Order Amount (MOQ)? A: MOQ varies relying on the particular extract and packaging. Please contact us for particulars.

  • Q: Do you supply pattern testing? A: Sure, we offer samples for certified patrons and potential companions.

  • Q: Is it protected for topical use on delicate pores and skin? A: Extremely regarded for delicate pores and skin. All the time patch take a look at first and use inside really helpful concentrations (sometimes 0.5-5%).

  • Q: Can it’s taken orally each day? A: Sure, inside really helpful dosages primarily based on the extract power. Seek the advice of a healthcare skilled for personalised recommendation, particularly if pregnant, nursing, taking drugs, or have well being circumstances.

12. The place to Purchase Premium German Chamomile Extract
Accomplice with the chief in bioactive plant compounds. Supply your high-purity, scientifically-backed German Chamomile extract straight from the producer:

  • Contacto: Sr. Liao Daohai

  • Correo electrónico: liaodaohai@gmail.com

  • Sitio web: www.aiherba.com

  • Inquire About: Bulk pricing, customized standardizations (Bisabolol, Apigenin), samples, certifications (ISO, Kosher, Halal), and technical knowledge sheets (TDS).

13. Conclusión
German Chamomile extract, significantly wealthy in (-)-α-Bisabolol and Apigenin, stands as a scientifically validated, multi-functional botanical powerhouse. Its profound anti-inflammatory, soothing, and calming properties make it indispensable in premium skincare, nutraceuticals, and wellness merchandise. Tecnología de inversión Shaanxi Zhonghong Co., Ltd. leverages 28 years of experience, cutting-edge extraction expertise (HPLC, NMR), patented purification processes, and unwavering dedication to high quality (exceeding purity requirements by 20%+) to ship the world’s best German Chamomile extracts. Backed by rigorous QC, world logistics, and a dedication to innovation, we empower manufacturers to harness nature’s potent blue flower for superior product efficacy and shopper belief. Contact us immediately to raise your formulations.

14. References (Illustrative)

  1. European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) eleventh Version – Matricaria Flower / Matricariae Flos.

  2. Blumenthal, M., et al. (Eds.). (2000). The Full German Fee E Monographs. American Botanical Council. (Chamomile Monograph).

  3. Srivastava, J. Okay., Shankar, E., & Gupta, S. (2010). Chamomile: A natural drugs of the previous with vibrant future. Molecular Medication Stories, 3(6), 895–901. PMID: 21132119

  4. Amsterdam, J. D., et al. (2009). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral Matricaria recutita (chamomile) extract remedy for generalized anxiousness dysfunction. Journal of Medical Psychopharmacology, 29(4), 378–382. PMID: 19593179

  5. McKay, D. L., & Blumberg, J. B. (2006). A evaluate of the bioactivity and potential well being advantages of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.). Análisis de fitoterapia, 20(7), 519–530. PMID: 16628544

  6. Worldwide Journal of Beauty Science, numerous articles on chamomile pores and skin efficacy.

  7. Shaanxi Zhonghong Inner Analysis & Patents

Valoraciones

No hay valoraciones aún.

Solo los usuarios registrados que hayan comprado este producto pueden hacer una valoración.

Scroll al inicio

Obtenga una cotización y una muestra

请在浏览器中启用JavaScript来完成此表单。

Obtenga una cotización y una muestra