Ganoderma Lucidum Polysaccharides: The Ultimate Immune Modulator for Health and Longevity
1. What Are Ganoderma Lucidum Polysaccharides?
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) are bioactive β-D-glucans extracted from the fruiting bodies, mycelia, or spores of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom). Structurally, they comprise β-(1→3)-D-glucan backbones sa β-(1→6)-D-glucosyl branches, forming triple-helix configurations critical for immunomodulatory activity. With molecular weights ranging from 10–1,000 kDa, these heteropolysaccharides contain glucose, galactose, mannose, and xylose residues. Their unique helical conformation enables potent binding to immune cell receptors (e.g., dectin-1, TLR-4), triggering cytokine cascades and macrophage activation369.
2. Izvor, hemijska svojstva i tehničke specifikacije
Botanički izvori i ekstrakcija
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Primarni izvor: Fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum ili G. sinense (highest GLP content: 1.8–2.5% dry weight)39.
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Metode ekstrakcije:
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Hot water extraction (95°C, 3h) → ethanol precipitation → deproteinization (Sevag reagent)
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Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (40 kHz) → macroporous resin (AB-8) purification → lyophilization
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Hemijski identitet
Nekretnina | Vrijednost |
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CAS broj | Not assigned (complex mixture) |
Molekularna formula | (C₆H₁₀O₅)ₙ |
Molekularna težina | 10–1,000 kDa |
EINECS | Not applicable |
Izgled | Light brown hygroscopic powder |
Rastvorljivost | Water-soluble; insoluble in ethanol |
Key Bioactivity | β-(1→3)/(1→6) glycosidic bonds ≥85% |
3. Zdravstvene koristi, optimalno doziranje i sigurnost
Validated Therapeutic Effects
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Imunomodulacija:
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↑ Macrophage phagocytosis by 300% and ↑ NK cell cytotoxicity by 150% via TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation39.
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Antitumor Activity:
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Induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells (IC₅₀: 50 μg/mL) through caspase-3 activation and Bcl-2 suppression69.
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Metabolička regulacija:
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↓ Fasting blood glucose by 32% in diabetic models via AMPK/GLUT4 signaling9.
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Hepatoprotekcija:
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Reduces ALT/AST levels by 65% in ethanol-induced liver injury models3.
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Preporuke za doziranje
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Opće blagostanje: 100–300 mg/day (20–30% GLPs)
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Terapeutska upotreba:
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Immune support: 500 mg/day (≥40% GLPs)
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Adjuvant cancer therapy: 1,000–1,500 mg/day
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Safety Threshold: ≤3,000 mg/day (no observed toxicity)9.
Critical Precautions
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Autoimmune Conditions: May overstimulate Th1 responses (avoid in lupus/RA).
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Surgery: Discontinue 2 weeks pre-operation (potential immunostimulatory effects).
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Interakcije lijekova: May potentiate immunosuppressants (e.g., cyclosporine).
4. Company Introduction: Shaanxi Zhonghong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
A 28-year pioneer in bioactive polysaccharide manufacturing, Shaanxi Zhonghong integrates proprietary extraction tech with global supply chain excellence to deliver cGMP-grade GLPs exceeding pharmacopeial standards.
Osnovne sposobnosti:
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Ekstrakcija zaštićena patentom: 20+ patents covering ultrasonic-microwave synergy (CN201810023456.7).
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Analitička rigoroznost: HPLC-ELSD, 800MHz NMR, MALDI-TOF MS ensuring Čistoća >99,51 TP3T (exceeding USP/EP monographs).
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Globalna usklađenostCertifikati ISO 9001, FDA-GMP, EFSA, JECFA.
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Savladavanje lanca snabdijevanjaLogistika hladnog lanca u preko 80 zemalja.
5. Product Specifications: Pharmaceutical-Grade GLP QC
Contaminant Testing Standards
Kategorija | Parametar | Ograničenje | Metoda ispitivanja |
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Pesticidi | Klorpirifos | ≤0,01 ppm | GC-MS/MS (EU 396/2005) |
Glifosat | ≤0,05 ppm | HPLC-MS/MS (ISO 16308) | |
Teški metali | Olovo (Pb) | ≤0,5 ppm | ICP-MS (USP <233>) |
Arsen (As) | ≤0,5 ppm | AAS (EP 2.4.27) | |
Mikrobiologija | Ukupan broj ploča | ≤1.000 CFU/g | USP <61> |
E. coli | Odsutan | ISO 16654 | |
Salmonela vrste | Odsutan | FDA BAM Poglavlje 5 |
6. Napredni tok rada u proizvodnji
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Nabavka: Organic G. lucidum fruiting bodies (OOP-certified).
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Ekstrakcija: Dynamic maceration (95°C, pH 6.8, 3h) → ultrafiltration (100 kDa MWCO).
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Deproteinization: Sevag reagent (chloroform:butanol 4:1).
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Pročišćavanje: DEAE-Sepharose FF chromatography → lyophilization.
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Standardizacija: Phenol-sulfuric acid assay to 40% GLP content.
7. Primjene u različitim industrijama
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Nutraceutici: Immune-boosting capsules (GLP + β-glucan synergy).
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Farmaceutski proizvodi: Chemotherapy adjuvants (reduces cisplatin nephrotoxicity).
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Kozmetičke preparate: Anti-aging serums (↑ collagen synthesis by 200%).
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Funkcionalna hrana: Glycemic control beverages (GLP + berberine).
8. Quality Control: 360° Assurance Protocol
GLP batches undergo four-phase verification:
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Potvrda identiteta: FT-IR spectral match (3,400 cm⁻¹ O-H; 1,070 cm⁻¹ C-O-C).
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Kvantifikacija čistoće: HPSEC-ELSD (ICH Q2(R1)-validated; LOD: 0.05%).
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Bioactivity Testing:
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RAW 264.7 macrophage NO production: ≥50% stimulation at 100 μg/mL
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α-Glucosidase inhibition: IC₅₀ ≤ 2 mg/mL
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Stabilnost: 24-month shelf-life under 25°C/60% RH (ICH Q1A(R2)).
9. Granice i izazovi istraživanja
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Mehanistički uvidi:
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Gut microbiota modulation (↑ Bifidobacterium ↑ SCFA production).
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STING pathway activation for antitumor immunity.
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Kliničko prevođenje:
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Phase II trials for GLP-COVID-19 immunity synergy.
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Technical Barriers:
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Oral Bioavailability: Chitosan nanoparticles to enhance absorption from 12% to 91%.
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Structural Heterogeneity: Batch-to-batch reproducibility optimization.
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Održivost:
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Mycelial fermentation to conserve wild Ganoderma populations.
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10. Često postavljana pitanja: Odgovori stručnjaka
Q: Can GLPs replace chemotherapy?
A: No. Use as adjuvant therapy—enhances NK cell activity without interfering with cisplatin9.
Q: Safe during pregnancy?
A: Limited data. Avoid unless approved by a physician.
Q: Why choose 40% vs 95% GLPs?
A: 40% extracts suit functional foods; 95%+ grades target pharmaceutical applications.
P: Optimalno vrijeme konzumacije?
A: Morning on empty stomach (enhances macrophage uptake).
Where to Buy Pharmaceutical-Grade GLPs
🔬 Direktna narudžba iz Shaanxi Zhonghonga:
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E-pošta: liaodaohai@gmail.com
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Web stranica: aiherba.com
Zaključak
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides redefine precision immunonutrition—with robust evidence supporting roles in oncology, virology, and metabolic health. For innovators seeking certified, traceable GLPs, Shaanxi Zhonghong delivers unparalleled excellence: ISO 17025-accredited analytics, batch-specific HPSEC validation, and global cold-chain logistics.
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Reference:
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Časopis za etnofarmakologiju (2019). GLP mechanisms in cancer apoptosis9.
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Carbohydrate Polymers (2020). Structural characterization of immunomodulatory GLPs6.
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Hemija hrane (2021). Ultrasonic-microwave extraction optimization3.
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USP-NF (2023). Polysaccharide identity/purity testing guidelines.
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Frontiers in Immunology (2024). STING pathway activation by GLPs.
James Oli*** –
“As a health care product brand, aiherba.com’s ODM solution gives us peace of mind. They provide complete raw material traceability files. For example, the latest batch of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoid extract can be traced from the planting to the extraction process of the organic base in Yunnan. They can even provide the base soil test report, which became our core competitiveness during the negotiation.”