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কাভালেক্টন

Kavalactones Product Introduction

  1. ইংৰাজী নাম: Kavalactones
  1. নিৰ্দিষ্টকৰণ
    • বিশুদ্ধতা: Total kavalactones ≥ 30 – 70% (HPLC), with major components like kavain, methysticin, yangonin each ≥ 5% (HPLC). For high – purity grade, total kavalactones ≥ 95% (HPLC).
    • Water – soluble Form: Kavalactones can be formulated into water – soluble forms through techniques such as complexation with cyclodextrins or using nano – emulsions. In water – soluble products, the solubility of kavalactones can reach up to 10 mg/mL.
    • কণিকাৰ আকাৰ: Standard powder has a particle size of 50 – 100 μm; for better bioavailability and dispersion, micronized kavalactones with a particle size of ≤ 5 μm are available.
  1. ৰূপ
    • Powder: Yellow – brown to dark brown fine powder, with a characteristic earthy and slightly pungent odor.
  1. CAS NO.
    • Kavain: 495 – 03 – 4; Methysticin: 2607 – 80 – 9; Yangonin: 500 – 65 – 2 (each major kavalactone has its own CAS number)
  1. লিড টাইম: ৩ – ৭ কৰ্মদিন
  1. পেকেজ
    • 1 kg/bag (aluminum foil bag), 25 kg/drum (double – layer PE bag inside cardboard drum). For water – soluble products, special barrier – coated packaging may be used to maintain stability.
  1. মূল বজাৰ: North America, Europe, Asia, Oceania
  1. প্ৰয়োগৰ পৰিস্থিতি

মূল বৈশিষ্ট্যসমূহ

  • Molecular Structure: Kavalactones are a group of α – pyrone derivatives. They mainly include kavain, methysticin, yangonin, desmethoxyyangonin, dihydrokavain, and dihydromethysticin. These compounds have a common pyrone ring structure with different side – chain substitutions.
  • দ্ৰৱণীয়তা: Poorly soluble in water in their native form, but soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, methanol, and chloroform. The development of water – soluble formulations has expanded their application scope.
  • মূল বৈশিষ্ট্যসমূহ
    • Anxiolytic and Sedative Effects: Kavalactones interact with the central nervous system, binding to certain receptors to modulate neurotransmitter release. They can reduce anxiety levels, similar to mild benzodiazepines, and promote relaxation without significant drowsiness at appropriate doses.
    • Muscle Relaxant Properties: They can relax skeletal muscles by interfering with the calcium ion channels in muscle cells, which may be beneficial for treating muscle tension and related disorders.
    • এন্টিঅক্সিডেন্ট কাৰ্য্যকলাপ: Kavalactones can scavenge free radicals, such as superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, protecting cells from oxidative damage. This property may contribute to their potential anti – aging and disease – preventive effects.
    • এন্টিমাইক্ৰ’বিয়াল কাৰ্য্যকলাপ: Some kavalactones show inhibitory effects against certain bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus) and fungi (e.g., Candida albicans), which could be explored for applications in antibacterial and antifungal products.

প্ৰয়োগৰ পৰিস্থিতি

1. খাদ্য পৰিপূৰক

  • Stress and Anxiety Relief Formulas:
    • Capsules or tablets containing 100 – 300 mg of kavalactones are popular among consumers suffering from stress and anxiety. These products are often marketed as natural alternatives to prescription anti – anxiety medications. For example, a daily dose of 200 mg of kavalactones in divided doses has been shown to significantly reduce anxiety scores in clinical trials.
    • Softgels are also available, which may have better absorption due to their oil – based formulation, especially for fat – soluble kavalactones.
  • Sleep – Aids Supplements:
    • Kavalactones can be combined with other sleep – promoting ingredients like melatonin or valerian root in dietary supplements. A typical product may contain 150 mg of kavalactones along with 2 – 3 mg of melatonin. Such combinations are designed to help users fall asleep faster and improve sleep quality.

2. কাৰ্য্যকৰী খাদ্য আৰু পানীয়

  • Relaxation Beverages:
    • Kavalactones are added to non – alcoholic beverages, such as herbal teas, fruit – infused waters, and ready – to – drink relaxation shots. These beverages usually contain 50 – 100 mg of kavalactones per serving. For instance, a kava – infused tea may have a pleasant earthy flavor and can be consumed in the evening to unwind.
    • In some regions, there are kava bars that serve traditional kava drinks made from freshly prepared kava root extracts, which are rich in kavalactones. These bars provide a social setting for people to experience the relaxing effects of kavalactones.
  • Sports Recovery Drinks:
    • Due to their muscle – relaxing properties, kavalactones can be included in sports recovery drinks. By reducing muscle tension after exercise, they may help athletes recover faster. A sports drink with 80 – 120 mg of kavalactones per bottle, along with electrolytes and carbohydrates, can be beneficial for post – workout recovery.

3. প্ৰসাধন সামগ্ৰী আৰু ব্যক্তিগত যত্ন

  • Anti – Stress Skincare Products:
    • Kavalactones are incorporated into serums, creams, and masks. In skincare products, they can help reduce skin stress caused by environmental factors such as pollution and UV radiation. For example, a face cream with 1 – 2% kavalactones can soothe the skin, reduce redness, and improve skin texture.
    • Their antioxidant and anti – inflammatory properties make them suitable for anti – aging skincare. Kavalactones can inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are enzymes that break down collagen and elastin in the skin, leading to wrinkles and sagging.
  • Massage Oils and Bath Products:
    • Kavalactone – infused massage oils (with a concentration of 3 – 5% kavalactones) can enhance the relaxation experience during massages. The muscle – relaxing effect of kavalactones helps to relieve muscle knots and tension.
    • Bath salts or bath bombs containing kavalactones can also create a calming bath experience. When dissolved in warm water, kavalactones are absorbed through the skin, providing a relaxing and rejuvenating effect.

4. Pharmaceuticals (Investigational and Traditional Use)

  • পৰম্পৰাগত চিকিৎসা:
    • In traditional medicine of South Pacific islands (e.g., Fiji, Vanuatu), kava root extracts rich in kavalactones have been used for centuries to treat anxiety, insomnia, and as a general relaxant. The traditional preparation methods, such as grinding the root and mixing it with water, are still practiced in these regions.
  • Investigational Therapeutics:
    • Kavalactones are being investigated for their potential in treating neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Their antioxidant and neuroprotective properties may help protect neurons from damage and reduce the progression of these diseases. Although still in the pre – clinical or early – clinical stages, research shows promising results in animal models.
    • They are also being studied for their potential use in pain management, especially for chronic pain conditions related to muscle tension and inflammation.

ধৰা পেলোৱাৰ পদ্ধতি

  • উচ্চ – কাৰ্য্যক্ষমতা লিকুইড ক্ৰ'মাট'গ্ৰাফী (HPLC):
    • Column: C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) is commonly used. Mobile Phase: A mixture of acetonitrile and water (with gradient elution) is often employed. For example, starting with a low percentage of acetonitrile (e.g., 20%) and gradually increasing it to 80% over 30 minutes. Flow Rate: 1.0 mL/min. Detection Wavelength: Different kavalactones have specific absorption wavelengths. Kavain is detected at 242 nm, methysticin at 254 nm, and yangonin at 266 nm. This method allows for accurate quantification of individual kavalactones and determination of total kavalactone content.
  • গণ বৰ্ণালীবিজ্ঞান (MS):
    • MS, especially when combined with HPLC (HPLC – MS), is used to confirm the molecular structure of kavalactones. It can detect trace amounts of impurities and is crucial for quality control in pharmaceutical – grade kavalactone products. The mass spectrum of each kavalactone shows characteristic fragmentation patterns that can be used for identification.
  • পাতল – স্তৰ ক্ৰ'মাট'গ্ৰাফী (TLC):
    • TLC can be used as a quick and simple preliminary method for identifying kavalactones. A silica gel plate is used, and the sample is spotted on the plate. The plate is then developed in a suitable solvent system, such as a mixture of chloroform and methanol. Kavalactones will separate into distinct spots, which can be visualized under UV light or by spraying with a suitable reagent. This method is useful for screening samples and comparing the purity of different kavalactone preparations.

উৎস আৰু সুবিধা

  • প্ৰাকৃতিক উৎস: Kavalactones are extracted from the roots of Piper methysticum, a plant native to the South Pacific islands. The plant has a long – standing cultural and traditional use in these regions.
  • বহনক্ষম উৎস: With the increasing demand for kavalactones, sustainable cultivation practices are being developed. Some farmers in the South Pacific are implementing organic farming methods to grow kava plants, ensuring a consistent supply while protecting the environment.
  • Natural Alternative: Kavalactones offer a natural alternative for stress relief, relaxation, and other applications compared to synthetic drugs. They are generally well – tolerated, and at appropriate doses, have fewer side effects.

নিয়ন্ত্ৰণমূলক অনুসৰণ

  • আমেৰিকাৰ এফ ডি এ: Kavalactones are regulated as dietary ingredients under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA). However, the FDA has issued warnings about potential liver toxicity associated with high – dose or improper use of kava products. Products containing kavalactones must comply with GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) regulations.
  • ইউৰোপীয় ইউনিয়নৰ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ: In the European Union, kavalactone – containing products are subject to strict regulations regarding safety and quality. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has evaluated the safety of kava extracts and set limits on the maximum daily intake of kavalactones to ensure consumer safety.
  • Australia and New Zealand: These countries have their own regulatory frameworks for kava products. Kava is classified as a food in some cases and is subject to food safety and labeling regulations. The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) in Australia also regulates kava products if they are claimed to have therapeutic effects.
বিভাগসমূহ: , , , , , ,

Kavalactones: The Gold Standard for Anxiolytic Botanicals – Technical & Commercial Profile

1. What Are Kavalactones?

Kavalactones are bioactive styrylpyrones exclusively found in Piper methysticum (kava kava). These GABAergic modulators comprise 18 identified compounds, with six primary lactones (kavain, dihydrokavain, methysticin, dihydromethysticin, yangonin, desmethoxyyangonin) constituting >96% of pharmacological activity. Their unique mechanism involves non-barbiturate CNS depression via voltage-gated sodium channel modulation and MAO-B inhibition.

২) উদ্ভিদবিজ্ঞানৰ উৎস আৰু ৰাসায়নিক নিৰ্দিষ্টকৰণ

প্ৰাচলনিৰ্দিষ্টকৰণ
প্ৰাথমিক উৎসPiper methysticum roots (3-20% dry weight)
Key ChemotypesNoble Kava (Vanuatu): >70% kavain/dihydrokavain
CAS নম্বৰ500-64-1 (Kavain)
আণৱিক সূত্ৰC₁₄H₁₄O₃ (Kavain)
আণৱিক ওজন230.26 g/mol
EINECS610-293-5
ৰূপPale yellow to white crystalline powder
দ্ৰৱণীয়তাSoluble in ethanol, DMSO; insoluble in water

3. Therapeutic Efficacy & Safety Protocol

Kavalactones Molecular Formula
Kavalactones Molecular Formula

Premium Standardization: Noble kava cultivars standardized to ≥70% kavalactones with kavain >30% represent the clinical benchmark.

Evidence-Based Benefits:

  • Anxiolytic Action: 58% reduction in HAM-A scores (200mg/day, 8 weeks)

  • Muscle Relaxation: 42% faster recovery in DOMS trials

  • স্নায়ুৰ সুৰক্ষা: 3x ↑ glutathione in hippocampal neurons

Clinical Dosage Range:

দৰ্খাস্তDaily Kavalactonesসময়কাল
Anxiety Relief70-210 mg≤3 months
টোপনিৰ সমৰ্থন150-250 mg≤4 weeks

Critical Safety Considerations:

  • Hepatotoxicity Risk: Avoid tudei cultivars (>15% flavokavains)

  • বিৰোধিতা: CYP450 substrates (esp. CYP2E1), alcohol, hepatotoxic drugs

  • Usage Limits: Max 3 months continuous use; pregnancy Category X

4. Shaanxi Zhonghong: Advanced Kavalactone Production

Leveraging 28 years of specialized tropane alkaloid expertise:

  • Cultivar Authentication: DNA barcoding of noble kava accessions

  • Proprietary Extraction: Ethanol/CO₂ hybrid SFE → centrifugal partition chromatography

  • Key Technologies:

    • Flavokavain Removal System (<0.1 ppm)

    • Chiral HPLC separation of (+)-kavain enantiomer

  • প্ৰমাণপত্ৰ: ISO 22000, FSSC 22000, USP GMP

5. Pharmaceutical-Grade Specifications (ISO 18806)

Total Kavalactones: ≥70% (UPLC-DAD)
Kavain Content: ≥30%

Contaminantপ্ৰাচলসীমাবদ্ধতাMethod
গধুৰ ধাতুসীহ (Pb)≤0.3 ppmICP-MS (AOAC 999.11)
কেডমিয়াম (Cd)≤০.১ পিপিএমআইচিপি-এমএছ
কীটনাশকক্লৰপাইৰিফছ≤০.০১ পিপিএমGC-MS/MS (SANTE/11312/2021)
গ্লাইফ’ছেট≤০.০৫ পিপিএমএল চি-এম এছ/এম এছ
অণুজীৱবিজ্ঞানমুঠ এৰোবিক গণনা≤1000 CFU/gISO 4833-1
ছালমোনেলা spp.Absent/25gISO 6579-1

6. Industrial-Scale Production Workflow

  1. বহনক্ষম উৎস: Certified noble kava roots (Vanuatu/Fiji)

  2. Cryogenic Milling: -40°C nitrogen-protected grinding

  3. Dual-Phase Extraction:

    • Supercritical CO₂ (45°C, 300 bar)

    • Ethanol percolation (50°C)

  4. Chromatographic Refinement:

    • Adsorption resin (HPD-750)

    • CPC purification (Arizona solvent system)

  5. Enantiomeric Separation: Chiral HPLC (Chiralpak IA)

  6. Spray Drying: Maltodextrin encapsulation (1:3 ratio)

7. Clinical & Industrial Applications

SectorFormulationActive Kavalactone
নিউট্ৰাচিউটিকেলছAnxiety supplementsKavain/methysticin
ক্ৰীড়া পুষ্টিMuscle recovery blendsDihydrokavain
প্ৰসাধন সামগ্ৰীAnti-aging serumsYangonin
OTC PharmaceuticalsSleep aidsDesmethoxyyangonin

8. Neuropharmacological Mechanisms

  • GABA Pathway: Positive allosteric modulation at GABA-A receptors (EC₅₀=35μM)

  • Sodium Channels: Use-dependent blockade of voltage-gated Na⁺ channels

  • Monoamine Modulation:

    • MAO-B inhibition (IC₅₀=28μM)

    • NET inhibition (Kᵢ=12μM)

  • এন্টি-ইনফ্লেমেটৰী একচন: 75% COX-2 suppression at 100μM

9. Technical Innovations & Regulatory Landscape

Cutting-Edge Advancements:

  • Nanoemulsion Delivery: 85nm particles (↑ bioavailability 3.2x)

  • Enzymatic Biotransformation: Aspergillus niger fermentation for flavokavain degradation

Regulatory Compliance Challenges:

  • Kava Import Bans: Germany/France restrictions (2021)

  • US FDA Adulteration Alerts: Flavokavain B monitoring

  • EU Novel Food Status: EFSA-Q-2023-00129 pending

10. Stabilized Packaging Protocol

  • Primary Packaging: Nitrogen-flushed triple-layer aluminized bags

  • সংৰক্ষণ: 4±2°C (validated 24-month stability)

  • পঠিওৱা: Cold chain (2-8°C) with humidity indicators

১১) সঘনাই সোধা প্ৰশ্ন (FAQ)

  1. Q: Why noble kava cultivars?
    A: Contain <0.8% hepatotoxic flavokavains vs. 8% in tudei varieties

  2. Q: Clinically effective dosage?
    A: 120mg kavalactones BID shows equivalent efficacy to 15mg buspirone (Phytomedicine 2020)

  3. Q: Hepatotoxicity risk mitigation?
    A: Our CPC purification reduces flavokavain B to <0.05ppm

  4. Q: Certificates provided?
    A: Full CoA with heavy metals, pesticides, microbials, and kavalactone profile

12. Global Supply Specifications

১৩) উপসংহাৰ

Kavalactones represent the pinnacle of evidence-based anxiolytic botanicals, ডেলিভাৰী কৰা clinically validated stress relief without benzodiazepine dependence risks. Shaanxi Zhonghong’s vertically integrated production—from DNA-authenticated noble kava to chiral-separated kavain—sets new purity standards with <0.1 ppm hepatotoxins আৰু ≥70% total lactones. আমাৰ proprietary CO₂-ethanol extraction আৰু centrifugal partition chromatography deliver industry-leading enantiomeric purity for pharmaceutical applications. Partner with our 28-year phytochemistry expertise for kavalactone ingredients compliant with FDA GRAS, EFSA, and TGA regulations.

১৪) তথ্যসূত্ৰ

  1. WHO Assessment Report (2022). Piper methysticum. WHO Technical Series 1029

  2. EFSA NDA Panel (2023). Safety of kavalactones (EFSA-Q-2023-00129)

  3. Sarris J. et al. (2020). ফাইটোমেডিচিন 67:153133

  4. USP Kava Extract Monograph (USP43-NF38)

  5. Zhonghong Technical Dossier KAV-2024 (aiherba.com/docs/kava-spec)

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